# Operation C-Major: threat group profile

> Operation C-Major is a threat group thought to operate from Pakistan, with suspected state backing. Public reporting about it is still limited. This free profile brings together what is known about it, so you can judge the risk to you.

Canonical page: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/threat-actors/operation-c-major
Breadcrumb: [Home](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/) > [Threat groups](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/threat-actors) > Operation C-Major

## At a glance

| Fact | Value |
|---|---|
| Attack techniques | 0 |
| Thought to operate from | Pakistan |
| Suspected backing | Pakistan |
| Other names | 11 |
| Public reports | 15 |

## Who is Operation C-Major?

Operation C-Major is a threat group thought to operate from Pakistan, with suspected state backing. Public reporting about it is still limited.

### Also known as

C-Major, Transparent Tribe, Mythic Leopard, ProjectM, APT36, APT 36, TMP.Lapis, Green Havildar, COPPER FIELDSTONE, Earth Karkaddan, Storm-0156

Security companies each give the same group their own name, so one group can have many.

### What public reporting says

> Group targeting Indian Army or related assets in India, as well as activists and civil society in Pakistan. Attribution to a Pakistani connection has been made by TrendMicro and others.

## Who does Operation C-Major go after?

**Sectors:** Civil society, Military, Government

See threats by industry: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/industries

## Public reports about Operation C-Major

- http://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Indian-military-personnel-targeted-by-information-theft-campaign-cmajor.pdf
- https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf
- https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/8366/2018/en/
- https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/adversary-of-the-month-for-may/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-projectm-link-found-between-pakistani-actor-and-operation-transparent-tribe
- https://mkd-cirt.mk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/20181009_3_1_M-Trends2018-May-2018-compressed.pdf
- https://nciipc.gov.in/documents/NCIIPC_Newsletter_July18.pdf
- https://cysinfo.com/cyber-attack-targeting-cbi-and-possibly-indian-army-officials
- https://s.tencent.com/research/report/669.html
- https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/06/apt_group_sends_spea.html
- https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/copper-fieldstone
- https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/a/investigating-apt36-or-earth-karkaddans-attack-chain-and-malware.html
- https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/capratube-transparent-tribes-caprarat-mimics-youtube-to-hijack-android-phones/
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/12/04/frequent-freeloader-part-i-secret-blizzard-compromising-storm-0156-infrastructure-for-espionage/
- https://www.reco.ai/blog/how-apt36-elizarat-redefines-cyber-espionage

## Frequently asked questions

### Who is Operation C-Major?

Operation C-Major is a threat group thought to operate from Pakistan, with suspected state backing. Public reporting about it is still limited.

### Where is Operation C-Major thought to be based?

Public reporting places Operation C-Major as operating from Pakistan, with suspected state backing. Attribution is never certain: it rests on the tools, infrastructure and targets researchers have seen.

### Who does Operation C-Major target?

In public reporting, sectors named include civil society, military and government.

### How do I know if Operation C-Major is a risk to my business?

Create an account and tell us the software you run. We match it against known flaws, including those linked to threat groups, rank each one from 0 to 100 and tell you as soon as we spot something that affects you.

## Check whether it matters to your business

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