# What is CVE-2016-6564?

> CVE-2016-6564 is a high-severity flaw (CVSS 8.1) in Alfa 6 from Leagoo, published on 13 July 2018. It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts its chance of use in the next 30 days at 2.6%. If you run an affected version, plan in the vendor’s fix.

Canonical page: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/what-is/cve-2016-6564

## At a glance

- **Verdict:** Plan it in. No sign of exploitation and a low forecast. Patch it in your normal update cycle.
- **Precursor Intelligence risk score:** 58 out of 100 (Medium); action: Plan remediation. Kept up to date as the evidence changes.
- **Severity:** High (CVSS 8.1 out of 10)
- **Known to be exploited:** No, not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today
- **Chance of use in the next 30 days:** 2.6% (latest exploit-likelihood forecast)
- **Published:** 13 July 2018
- **Record last updated:** 9 October 2019
- **Main product:** Alfa 6 from Leagoo
- **Affected products:** 38

## What is CVE-2016-6564? In plain terms

It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can read data, change data and take it offline.

### The official description

Android devices with code from Ragentek contain a privileged binary that performs over-the-air (OTA) update checks. Additionally, there are multiple techniques used to hide the execution of this binary. This behavior could be described as a rootkit. This binary, which resides as /system/bin/debugs, runs with root privileges and does not communicate over an encrypted channel. The binary has been shown to communicate with three hosts via HTTP: oyag[.]lhzbdvm[.]com oyag[.]prugskh[.]net oyag[.]prugskh[.]com Server responses to requests sent by the debugs binary include functionalities to execute arbitrary commands as root, install applications, or update configurations. Examples of a request sent by the client binary: POST /pagt/agent?data={"name":"c_regist","details":{...}} HTTP/1. 1 Host: 114.80.68.223 Connection: Close An example response from the server could be: HTTP/1.1 200 OK {"code": "01", "name": "push_commands", "details": {"server_id": "1" , "title": "Test Command", "comments": "Test", "commands": "touch /tmp/test"}} This binary is reported to be present in the following devices: BLU Studio G BLU Studio G Plus BLU Studio 6.0 HD BLU Studio X BLU Studio X Plus BLU Studio C HD Infinix Hot X507 Infinix Hot 2 X510 Infinix Zero X506 Infinix Zero 2 X509 DOOGEE Voyager 2 DG310 LEAGOO Lead 5 LEAGOO Lead 6 LEAGOO Lead 3i LEAGOO Lead 2S LEAGOO Alfa 6 IKU Colorful K45i Beeline Pro 2 XOLO Cube 5.0

### What kind of flaw is it?

- CWE-494: Download of Code Without Integrity Check

### How an attack on it works

- Where an attacker can be: Anywhere on the internet
- How hard it is to pull off: Hard: conditions must line up
- Login needed first: No login needed
- Does someone have to click: No, nobody has to do anything
- What an attacker gets: Can read data, change data and take it offline

Severity vector: `CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Is CVE-2016-6564 being exploited? Not that we know of

It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 2.6%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching.

Exploit likelihood over the last 7 days: 2.6%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 2.6%.

### Timeline

- 13 July 2018: Published
- 9 October 2019: Record last updated

### How Precursor Intelligence ranks it

CVE-2016-6564 scores **58 out of 100 (Medium)**, with the action "Plan remediation".

Every published flaw gets a risk score from 0 to 100, kept up to date as the evidence changes. Four things go into the score, from the one that counts most to the ones that count less:

- Evidence it is being exploited: biggest factor
- How severe it is: strong factor
- How widely exposed it is: smaller factor
- Threat activity around it: smaller factor

85 and above is Critical. Anything confirmed as exploited is always marked for an emergency patch, whatever its score. When this flaw matches software you track, it lands in your list with its score and the reasons behind it.

## Who is affected by CVE-2016-6564?

The published record lists 38 products.

- [Alfa 6](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/alfa_6) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Alfa 6 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/alfa_6_firmware) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Colorful K45i](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/iku-mobile/colorful_k45i) by [Iku-Mobile](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/iku-mobile) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Colorful K45i Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/iku-mobile/colorful_k45i_firmware) by [Iku-Mobile](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/iku-mobile) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Cube 5.0](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/xolo/cube_5.0) by [Xolo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/xolo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Cube 5.0 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/xolo/cube_5.0_firmware) by [Xolo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/xolo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Hot 2 X510](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/hot_2_x510) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Hot 2 X510 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/hot_2_x510_firmware) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Hot X507](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/hot_x507) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Hot X507 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/hot_x507_firmware) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Lead 2s](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_2s) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Lead 2s Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_2s_firmware) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Lead 3i](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_3i) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Lead 3i Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_3i_firmware) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Lead 5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_5) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Lead 5 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_5_firmware) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Lead 6](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_6) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Lead 6 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/leagoo/lead_6_firmware) by [Leagoo](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/leagoo) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Pro 2](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/beeline/pro_2) by [Beeline](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/beeline) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Pro 2 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/beeline/pro_2_firmware) by [Beeline](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/beeline) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio 6.0 Hd](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_6.0_hd) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio 6.0 Hd Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_6.0_hd_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio C Hd](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_c_hd) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio C Hd Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_c_hd_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio G](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_g) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio G Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_g_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio G Plus](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_g_plus) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio G Plus Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_g_plus_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio X](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_x) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio X Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_x_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Studio X Plus](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_x_plus) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Studio X Plus Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/bluproducts/studio_x_plus_firmware) by [Bluproducts](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/bluproducts) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Voyager 2 Dg310i](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/doogee/voyager_2_dg310i) by [Doogee](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/doogee) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Voyager 2 Dg310i Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/doogee/voyager_2_dg310i_firmware) by [Doogee](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/doogee) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Zero 2 X509](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/zero_2_x509) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Zero 2 X509 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/zero_2_x509_firmware) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Operating system): version not specified
- [Zero X506](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/zero_x506) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Hardware): version not specified
- [Zero X506 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/infinixauthority/zero_x506_firmware) by [Infinixauthority](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/infinixauthority) (Operating system): version not specified

## How do I fix CVE-2016-6564?

1. **Check whether you run it.** Compare your versions with the affected products above. Not sure what you run? Precursor Intelligence can work it out from your public website, or you can pick it from a list.
2. **Apply the vendor’s fix.** Install the latest update from the vendor. The references list where the vendor has published details.
3. **If you can’t patch today.** Follow any mitigation the vendor publishes, and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet until the update is in.
4. **Keep an eye on it.** Track the product and we tell you as soon as we spot this flaw on the list of exploited flaws, or a jump in its exploit likelihood.

### References

- [bitsighttech.com](https://www.bitsighttech.com/blog/ragentek-android-ota-update-mechanism-vulnerable-to-mitm-attack) (Exploit, Third-party advisory)
- [kb.cert.org](https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/624539) (Third-party advisory, Government resource)
- [securityfocus.com](https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94393/) (Third-party advisory, Vulnerability database)

## Questions

### What is CVE-2016-6564?

CVE-2016-6564 is a high-severity flaw in Alfa 6 from Leagoo, published on 13 July 2018. It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can read data, change data and take it offline.

### How serious is CVE-2016-6564?

It scores 8.1 out of 10 on the CVSS severity scale, which is high. Our risk score for CVE-2016-6564 is 58 out of 100, which is Medium. Its action is "Plan remediation". No sign of exploitation and a low forecast. Patch it in your normal update cycle.

### Is CVE-2016-6564 being exploited?

It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 2.6%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching.

### Which versions does CVE-2016-6564 affect?

For Alfa 6 from Leagoo: version not specified. The record lists 38 products in all, each with its versions, under "Who is affected" on this page.

### How do I fix CVE-2016-6564?

Install the update the vendor names in its advisory. If you can't patch today, follow the vendor's mitigation and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet.

## Does CVE-2016-6564 affect you?

Precursor Intelligence keeps checking for you:

- **Tell us what you run.** Pick your software from a list, or let us work it out from your website.
- **We match it to every flaw.** Over 400,000 published flaws, checked against your list.
- **Ranked by real-world risk.** Every flaw gets a 0 to 100 risk score, kept up to date, led by evidence criminals are using it.
- **Told as soon as we know.** An alert by email, in the app or by webhook to your own tools.

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