# What is CVE-2019-11478?

> CVE-2019-11478 is a high-severity flaw (CVSS 7.5) in Linux kernel, published on 19 June 2019. It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts its chance of use in the next 30 days at 95%. If you run an affected version, plan in the vendor’s fix.

Canonical page: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/what-is/cve-2019-11478

## At a glance

- **Verdict:** Fix this soon. Not confirmed as exploited yet, but serious or likely enough that it should not wait for a quiet month.
- **Precursor Intelligence risk score:** 66 out of 100 (Medium); action: Plan remediation. Kept up to date as the evidence changes.
- **Severity:** High (CVSS 7.5 out of 10)
- **Known to be exploited:** No, not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today
- **Chance of use in the next 30 days:** 95% (latest exploit-likelihood forecast)
- **Published:** 19 June 2019
- **Record last updated:** 27 February 2024
- **Main product:** Linux kernel
- **Affected products:** 24

## What is CVE-2019-11478? In plain terms

It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can take it offline.

### The official description

Jonathan Looney discovered that the TCP retransmission queue implementation in tcp_fragment in the Linux kernel could be fragmented when handling certain TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) sequences. A remote attacker could use this to cause a denial of service. This has been fixed in stable kernel releases 4.4.182, 4.9.182, 4.14.127, 4.19.52, 5.1.11, and is fixed in commit f070ef2ac66716357066b683fb0baf55f8191a2e.

### What kind of flaw is it?

- CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
- CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

### How an attack on it works

- Where an attacker can be: Anywhere on the internet
- How hard it is to pull off: Easy: no special conditions
- Login needed first: No login needed
- Does someone have to click: No, nobody has to do anything
- What an attacker gets: Can take it offline

Severity vector: `CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`

## Is CVE-2019-11478 being exploited? Not that we know of

It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 95%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching.

Exploit likelihood over the last 7 days: 95%, 95%, 95%, 95%, 95%, 95%, 95%.

### Timeline

- 19 June 2019: Published
- 27 February 2024: Record last updated
- 19 November 2025: Exploit likelihood jumped
- 22 November 2025: Exploit likelihood fell

### How Precursor Intelligence ranks it

CVE-2019-11478 scores **66 out of 100 (Medium)**, with the action "Plan remediation".

Every published flaw gets a risk score from 0 to 100, kept up to date as the evidence changes. Four things go into the score, from the one that counts most to the ones that count less:

- Evidence it is being exploited: biggest factor
- How severe it is: strong factor
- How widely exposed it is: smaller factor
- Threat activity around it: smaller factor

85 and above is Critical. Anything confirmed as exploited is always marked for an emergency patch, whatever its score. When this flaw matches software you track, it lands in your list with its score and the reasons behind it.

## Who is affected by CVE-2019-11478?

The published record lists 24 products. Versions are as published: "before 4.4.182" means every version up to, but not including, 4.4.182.

- [Linux kernel](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/linux/linux_kernel) by [Linux](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/linux) (Operating system): before 4.4.182, 4.5 to before 4.9.182, 4.10 to before 4.14.127, 4.15 to before 4.19.52, 4.20 to before 5.1.11
- [Ubuntu Linux](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/canonical/ubuntu_linux) by [Canonical](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/canonical) (Operating system): 12.04, 14.04, 16.04, 18.04, 18.10, 19.04
- [Big-IP Access Policy Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_access_policy_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Advanced Firewall Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Analytics](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_analytics) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Application Acceleration Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_application_acceleration_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Application Security Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_application_security_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Domain Name System](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_domain_name_system) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Edge Gateway](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_edge_gateway) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Fraud Protection Service](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_fraud_protection_service) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Global Traffic Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_global_traffic_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Link Controller](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_link_controller) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Local Traffic Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_local_traffic_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Policy Enforcement Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Big-IP Webaccelerator](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/big-ip_webaccelerator) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 11.5.2 to 11.6.4, 12.1.0 to 12.1.4, 13.1.0 to 13.1.1, 14.0.0 to 14.1.0, 15.0.0
- [Enterprise Linux](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/redhat/enterprise_linux) by [Red Hat](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/redhat) (Operating system): 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0
- [Enterprise Linux Aus](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/redhat/enterprise_linux_aus) by [Red Hat](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/redhat) (Operating system): 6.5, 6.6
- [Enterprise Linux Eus](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/redhat/enterprise_linux_eus) by [Red Hat](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/redhat) (Operating system): 7.4, 7.5
- [Connect Secure](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/ivanti/connect_secure) by [Ivanti](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/ivanti) (Application): version not specified
- [Enterprise Linux Atomic Host](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/redhat/enterprise_linux_atomic_host) by [Red Hat](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/redhat) (Application): version not specified
- [Enterprise Mrg](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/redhat/enterprise_mrg) by [Red Hat](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/redhat) (Operating system): 2.0
- [Pulse Policy Secure](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/pulsesecure/pulse_policy_secure) by [Pulsesecure](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/pulsesecure) (Application): version not specified
- [Pulse Secure Virtual Application Delivery Controller](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/pulsesecure/pulse_secure_virtual_application_delivery_controller) by [Pulsesecure](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/pulsesecure) (Application): version not specified
- [Traffix Signaling Delivery Controller](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/f5/traffix_signaling_delivery_controller) by [F5](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/f5) (Application): 5.0.0 to 5.1.0

## How do I fix CVE-2019-11478?

1. **Check whether you run it.** Compare your versions with the affected products above. Not sure what you run? Precursor Intelligence can work it out from your public website, or you can pick it from a list.
2. **Apply the vendor’s fix.** Install the update named in the vendor’s advisory. We’ve put the advisories and patch notes first in the list.
3. **If you can’t patch today.** Follow any mitigation the vendor publishes, and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet until the update is in.
4. **Keep an eye on it.** Track the product and we tell you as soon as we spot this flaw on the list of exploited flaws, or a jump in its exploit likelihood.

### References

- [git.kernel.org](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net.git/commit/?id=f070ef2ac66716357066b683fb0baf55f8191a2e) (Mailing list, Patch, Vendor advisory)
- [github.com](https://github.com/Netflix/security-bulletins/blob/master/advisories/third-party/2019-001.md) (Patch, Third-party advisory)
- [wiki.ubuntu.com](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/KnowledgeBase/SACKPanic) (Mitigation, Third-party advisory)
- [packetstormsecurity.com](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153346/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0052-1.html) (Third-party advisory, Vulnerability database)
- [packetstormsecurity.com](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154408/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0055-1.html)
- [packetstormsecurity.com](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154951/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0058-1.html)
- [arubanetworks.com](http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2020-010.txt)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/06/28/2)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/06/3)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/06/4)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/10/24/1)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/10/29/3)
- [vmware.com](http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2019-0010.html)
- [access.redhat.com](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1594)
- [access.redhat.com](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1602)
- [access.redhat.com](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1699)
- [access.redhat.com](https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/tcpsack) (Third-party advisory)
- [cert-portal.siemens.com](https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-462066.pdf)
- [kb.pulsesecure.net](https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44193) (Third-party advisory)
- [kc.mcafee.com](https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10287)
- [psirt.global.sonicwall.com](https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2019-0007)
- [seclists.org](https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jul/30)
- [security.netapp.com](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190625-0001/)
- [support.f5.com](https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K26618426) (Third-party advisory)
- [kb.cert.org](https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/905115)
- [oracle.com](https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2020.html)
- [oracle.com](https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html)
- [synology.com](https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_19_28)
- [us-cert.gov](https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-19-253-03)

## Questions

### What is CVE-2019-11478?

CVE-2019-11478 is a high-severity flaw in Linux kernel, published on 19 June 2019. It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can take it offline.

### How serious is CVE-2019-11478?

It scores 7.5 out of 10 on the CVSS severity scale, which is high. Our risk score for CVE-2019-11478 is 66 out of 100, which is Medium. Its action is "Plan remediation". Not confirmed as exploited yet, but serious or likely enough that it should not wait for a quiet month.

### Is CVE-2019-11478 being exploited?

It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 95%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching.

### Which versions does CVE-2019-11478 affect?

For Linux kernel: before 4.4.182, 4.5 to before 4.9.182, 4.10 to before 4.14.127, 4.15 to before 4.19.52, 4.20 to before 5.1.11. The record lists 24 products in all, each with its versions, under "Who is affected" on this page.

### How do I fix CVE-2019-11478?

Install the update the vendor names in its advisory, linked first under "How do I fix" on this page. If you can't patch today, follow the vendor's mitigation and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet.

## Does CVE-2019-11478 affect you?

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- **Tell us what you run.** Pick your software from a list, or let us work it out from your website.
- **We match it to every flaw.** Over 400,000 published flaws, checked against your list.
- **Ranked by real-world risk.** Every flaw gets a 0 to 100 risk score, kept up to date, led by evidence criminals are using it.
- **Told as soon as we know.** An alert by email, in the app or by webhook to your own tools.

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