# What is CVE-2025-32433? > CVE-2025-32433 is a critical-severity flaw (CVSS 10.0) in Erlang/otp, published on 16 April 2025. It is on the list of flaws known to be exploited, so criminals are already using it. The latest forecast puts its chance of use in the next 30 days at 99%. If you run an affected version, patch it first. Canonical page: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/what-is/cve-2025-32433 ## At a glance - **Verdict:** Fix this now. Attackers are using this flaw today. If you run an affected version, it goes to the top of your list. - **Precursor Intelligence risk score:** 93 out of 100 (Critical); action: Emergency patch. Kept up to date as the evidence changes. - **Severity:** Critical (CVSS 10.0 out of 10) - **Known to be exploited:** Yes, it is on the government list of flaws known to be exploited - **Chance of use in the next 30 days:** 99% (latest exploit-likelihood forecast) - **Published:** 16 April 2025 - **Record last updated:** 12 June 2025 - **Main product:** Erlang/otp - **Affected products:** 22 ## What is CVE-2025-32433? In plain terms It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can read data, change data and take it offline. ### The official description Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules. ### What kind of flaw is it? - CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function ### How an attack on it works - Where an attacker can be: Anywhere on the internet - How hard it is to pull off: Easy: no special conditions - Login needed first: No login needed - Does someone have to click: No, nobody has to do anything - What an attacker gets: Can read data, change data and take it offline Severity vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H` ## Is CVE-2025-32433 being exploited? Yes Attackers are already using it. It is on the government list of flaws known to be exploited, and the latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 99%. Exploit likelihood over the last 7 days: 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%. ### Timeline - 16 April 2025: Published - 9 June 2025: Added to the known-exploited list - 11 June 2025: Exploit likelihood jumped - 12 June 2025: Record last updated - 23 June 2025: Exploit likelihood fell ### How Precursor Intelligence ranks it CVE-2025-32433 scores **93 out of 100 (Critical)**, with the action "Emergency patch". Every published flaw gets a risk score from 0 to 100, kept up to date as the evidence changes. Four things go into the score, from the one that counts most to the ones that count less: - Evidence it is being exploited: biggest factor - How severe it is: strong factor - How widely exposed it is: smaller factor - Threat activity around it: smaller factor 85 and above is Critical. Anything confirmed as exploited is always marked for an emergency patch, whatever its score. When this flaw matches software you track, it lands in your list with its score and the reasons behind it. ## Who is affected by CVE-2025-32433? The published record lists 22 products. Versions are as published: "before 25.3.2.20" means every version up to, but not including, 25.3.2.20. - Erlang/otp by [Erlang](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/erlang) (Application): before 25.3.2.20, 26.0 to before 26.2.5.11, 27.0 to before 27.3.3 - [Network Services Orchestrator](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/network_services_orchestrator) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 5.7.19.1, 5.8 to before 6.1.16.2, 6.2 to before 6.2.11.1, 6.3 to before 6.3.8.1, 6.4 to before 6.4.1.1, 6.4.2 to before 6.4.4.1 - [Confd Basic](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/confd_basic) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 7.7.19.1, 8.0.18 to before 8.1.16.2, 8.2 to before 8.2.11.1, 8.3 to before 8.3.8.1, 8.4 to before 8.4.4.1 - [Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 2025.03.1 - [Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 4.18 - [Inode Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/inode_manager) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): version not specified - [Ncs 2000 Shelf Virtualization Orchestrator Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): before 25.1.1 - [Optical Site Manager](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/optical_site_manager) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 25.2.1 - [Rv160 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv160_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv160w Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv160w_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv260 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv260_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv260p Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv260p_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv260w Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv260w_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv340 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv340_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv340w Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv340w_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv345 Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv345_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Rv345p Firmware](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/rv345p_firmware) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): version not specified - [Smart Phy](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/smart_phy) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 25.2 - [Staros](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/staros) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Operating system): all versions - [Ultra Cloud Core](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/ultra_cloud_core) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): before 2025.03.1 - [Ultra Packet Core](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/ultra_packet_core) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): version not specified - [Ultra Services Platform](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/cisco/ultra_services_platform) by [Cisco](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/cisco) (Application): version not specified ## How do I fix CVE-2025-32433? 1. **Check whether you run it.** Compare your versions with the affected products above. Not sure what you run? Precursor Intelligence can work it out from your public website, or you can pick it from a list. 2. **Apply the vendor’s fix.** Install the update named in the vendor’s advisory. We’ve put the advisories and patch notes first in the list. 3. **If you can’t patch today.** Follow any mitigation the vendor publishes, and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet until the update is in. 4. **Check it wasn’t used before you patched.** Because criminals are already using this flaw, look for signs of a break-in on affected systems using the vendor’s guidance. ### References - [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12) (Patch) - [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f) (Patch) - [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891) (Patch) - [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2) (Vendor advisory) - [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2) (Mailing list) - [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1) (Mailing list) - [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2) (Mailing list) - [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6) (Mailing list) - [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1) (Mailing list) - [security.netapp.com](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/) (Third-party advisory) - [github.com](https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py) (Exploit) ## Questions ### What is CVE-2025-32433? CVE-2025-32433 is a critical-severity flaw in Erlang/otp, published on 16 April 2025. It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can read data, change data and take it offline. ### How serious is CVE-2025-32433? It scores 10.0 out of 10 on the CVSS severity scale, which is critical. Our risk score for CVE-2025-32433 is 93 out of 100, which is Critical. Its action is "Emergency patch". Attackers are using this flaw today. If you run an affected version, it goes to the top of your list. ### Is CVE-2025-32433 being exploited? Attackers are already using it. It is on the government list of flaws known to be exploited, and the latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 99%. ### Which versions does CVE-2025-32433 affect? For Erlang/otp: before 25.3.2.20, 26.0 to before 26.2.5.11, 27.0 to before 27.3.3. The record lists 22 products in all, each with its versions, under "Who is affected" on this page. ### How do I fix CVE-2025-32433? Install the update the vendor names in its advisory, linked first under "How do I fix" on this page. If you can't patch today, follow the vendor's mitigation and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet. Because criminals are already using it, also check affected systems for signs of a break-in. ## Does CVE-2025-32433 affect you? Precursor Intelligence keeps checking for you: - **Tell us what you run.** Pick your software from a list, or let us work it out from your website. - **We match it to every flaw.** Over 400,000 published flaws, checked against your list. - **Ranked by real-world risk.** Every flaw gets a 0 to 100 risk score, kept up to date, led by evidence criminals are using it. - **Told as soon as we know.** An alert by email, in the app or by webhook to your own tools. 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