# What is CVE-2025-4565? > CVE-2025-4565 is a medium-severity flaw (CVSS 5.3) in Protobuf-Python from Google, published on 16 June 2025. It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts its chance of use in the next 30 days at 0.3%. If you run an affected version, plan in the vendor’s fix. Canonical page: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/what-is/cve-2025-4565 ## At a glance - **Verdict:** Plan it in. No sign of exploitation and a low forecast. Patch it in your normal update cycle. - **Precursor Intelligence risk score:** 22 out of 100 (Low); action: Monitor. Kept up to date as the evidence changes. - **Severity:** Medium (CVSS 5.3 out of 10) - **Known to be exploited:** No, not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today - **Chance of use in the next 30 days:** 0.3% (latest exploit-likelihood forecast) - **Published:** 16 June 2025 - **Record last updated:** 14 August 2025 - **Main product:** Protobuf-Python from Google - **Affected products:** 1 ## What is CVE-2025-4565? In plain terms It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can slow it down. ### The official description Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901 ### What kind of flaw is it? - CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion ### How an attack on it works - Where an attacker can be: Anywhere on the internet - How hard it is to pull off: Easy: no special conditions - Login needed first: No login needed - Does someone have to click: No, nobody has to do anything - What an attacker gets: Can slow it down Severity vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L` ## Is CVE-2025-4565 being exploited? Not that we know of It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 0.3%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching. Exploit likelihood over the last 7 days: 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%. ### Timeline - 16 June 2025: Published - 14 August 2025: Record last updated ### How Precursor Intelligence ranks it CVE-2025-4565 scores **22 out of 100 (Low)**, with the action "Monitor". Every published flaw gets a risk score from 0 to 100, kept up to date as the evidence changes. Four things go into the score, from the one that counts most to the ones that count less: - Evidence it is being exploited: biggest factor - How severe it is: strong factor - How widely exposed it is: smaller factor - Threat activity around it: smaller factor 85 and above is Critical. Anything confirmed as exploited is always marked for an emergency patch, whatever its score. When this flaw matches software you track, it lands in your list with its score and the reasons behind it. ## Who is affected by CVE-2025-4565? The published record lists 1 product. Versions are as published: "before 4.25.8" means every version up to, but not including, 4.25.8. - [Protobuf-Python](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/product/google/protobuf-python) by [Google](https://www.precursorintelligence.com/vendors/google) (Application): before 4.25.8, 5.26.0 to before 5.29.5, 6.30.0 to before 6.31.1 ## How do I fix CVE-2025-4565? 1. **Check whether you run it.** Compare your versions with the affected products above. Not sure what you run? Precursor Intelligence can work it out from your public website, or you can pick it from a list. 2. **Apply the vendor’s fix.** Install the update named in the vendor’s advisory. We’ve put the advisory first in the list. 3. **If you can’t patch today.** Follow any mitigation the vendor publishes, and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet until the update is in. 4. **Keep an eye on it.** Track the product and we tell you as soon as we spot this flaw on the list of exploited flaws, or a jump in its exploit likelihood. ### References - [github.com](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901) (Patch) ## Questions ### What is CVE-2025-4565? CVE-2025-4565 is a medium-severity flaw in Protobuf-Python from Google, published on 16 June 2025. It can be attacked from anywhere on the internet without logging in, and nobody has to click anything. If it works, the attacker can slow it down. ### How serious is CVE-2025-4565? It scores 5.3 out of 10 on the CVSS severity scale, which is medium. Our risk score for CVE-2025-4565 is 22 out of 100, which is Low. Its action is "Monitor". No sign of exploitation and a low forecast. Patch it in your normal update cycle. ### Is CVE-2025-4565 being exploited? It is not on the list of flaws known to be exploited today. The latest forecast puts the chance of it being used in the next 30 days at 0.3%. That can change at any time, which is why we keep watching. ### Which versions does CVE-2025-4565 affect? For Protobuf-Python from Google: before 4.25.8, 5.26.0 to before 5.29.5, 6.30.0 to before 6.31.1. ### How do I fix CVE-2025-4565? Install the update the vendor names in its advisory, linked first under "How do I fix" on this page. If you can't patch today, follow the vendor's mitigation and limit who can reach the affected system from the internet. ## Does CVE-2025-4565 affect you? Precursor Intelligence keeps checking for you: - **Tell us what you run.** Pick your software from a list, or let us work it out from your website. - **We match it to every flaw.** Over 400,000 published flaws, checked against your list. - **Ranked by real-world risk.** Every flaw gets a 0 to 100 risk score, kept up to date, led by evidence criminals are using it. - **Told as soon as we know.** An alert by email, in the app or by webhook to your own tools. Start free (no card, nothing to install): https://www.precursorintelligence.com/register Book a demo: https://www.precursorintelligence.com/contact